Strolling through the Timeless Cityscape
As you walk the centuries-old streets, your feet touch the same stone paths that millions before you have tread, a humbling reminder of the generations of human life that have thrived within these rocky caves and grottoes, some of which were inhabited as early as the Palaeolithic era.Immersive Cultural Experiences
Immerse yourself into the vibrant culture of this ancient city, celebrating age-old customs and traditions such as the Festa della Madonna Bruna, a rich display of pageantry showcasing the locals' profound religious devotion.Exploring Unrivalled Architecture
Explore architectural jewels like the Romanesque-Gothic style Matera Cathedral perched atop the Civita with breathtaking panoramas or the quaint 16th-century Church of Purgatory that holds intriguing symbols of life and death within its elaborate carvings.Savouring Delicacies
No visit to Matera would be complete without savouring the delectable local cuisine. From succulent lamb dishes, traditionally styled bread and pasta, to tempting pastries like the famed "Torta di Noci" (Walnut cake), the gastronomic experience in Matera is sublime.Experiencing the Sassi Hotels
Experience the unimaginable by residing in one of the renowned cave hotels that blend modern amenities seamlessly within the primitive Sassi.Endless Explorations
Wandering in Matera is like walking through the annals of human history; archaeological sites, traditional craft workshops, and world-class museums like the Musma sculpture museum embellish the cityscape.Sublime Natural Wonders
As much as Matera pleases on the inside, the natural landscapes that dress its rims are equally enticing, home to many species of fauna and flora in the vast Murgia Park. Not merely a city but a living testimony to human endeavor, Matera, with its undeniable aura of enchantment, ethereal beauty and a soul that has withstood the test of time, stands as a rare jewel of an experience awaiting discovery.The History of Matera, Italy
Imagine traveling back in time to a period when life was uncannily simple yet fascinating in southern Italy. This is the experience you get when visiting Matera, one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities dating back to the Paleolithic Age. Tucked away in Basilicata’s region curve, the city of Matera is nestled on a characteristic landscape - a ravine carved out by the Gravina River. In this unique setting, human dwellings were naturally carved into rock leading to the creation of cave-dwelling districts known as 'Sassi.' A visit to Matera is not just an experience; it’s an encounter with prehistory that has managed to withstand the hands of time.
Prehistoric Settlement
Archaeological findings provide evidence of Matera’s roots dating back to 10,000 BC. The natural caves found in the calcareous rocks were very easily converted into dwellings, making Matera a suitable habitat for prehistoric human settlements. The natural landscape surrounding the city offered a conducive environment for early humans to engage in hunting and gathering activities. Living in these caves, they created a way of life that continued almost uninterrupted, marginally altered by progress and time. Wandering through the labyrinth of alleyways, courtyards, and steps carved into rock, one can easily visualize the lives of our early ancestors.
The Middle Ages and Beyond
The city’s significance grew during the middle ages, as demonstrated by the grand churches and monasteries carved directly into the rocks, a flurry of frescoes that document the evolution of Byzantine painting. In the early 8th century, Matera became part of the Longobard Duchy of Benevento and subsequently changed hands between various feudal lords during the middle ages. Despite periods of struggle, particularly in the 20th century, the city retained its unique historical charm, representing an intricate tapestry of history, people and their persistent resilience in the layered hillside.
Modern Matera -A UNESCO World Heritage Site
As one walks through the ancient city, they are greeted by the sight of hundreds of uniquely preserved, albeit formerly abandoned, cave homes. These 'Sassi' districts remain the city’s most striking features and a potent symbol of the city’s past. Recognizing Matera’s unique historical significance, in 1993, UNESCO declared the Sassi districts and the park of the Rupestrian churches a World Heritage Site. Moreover, in 2019, Matera received the prestigious title of the European Capital of Culture, symbolizing the city’s dramatic rise from being a `shame to the nation` to a heralded monument of Italian and global cultural history.
This rich history makes Matera, not just a trip, but a journey deep into the past. A stroll through its ancient streets invokes awe and intrigue at every corner, making it a must-visit for history and culture enthusiasts worldwide.
The Culture of Matera, Italy
Matera, Italy, is an enchanting destination steeped in history and cradled in a landscape of dramatic beauty. As one of the world's oldest inhabited cities, its rich heritage is etched into the stone streets and weathered facades of its buildings, inviting travellers to step back in time and immerse themselves in a culture that is profoundly entwined with its past.
Unparalleled Charm and History
Walking along the lanes of Matera is like turning back the hands of time. The town's distinguished history is evident everywhere, from its ancient cave dwellings known as ‘Sassi’, which are testament to man's early ways of living, to its ornate churches and grand palazzos that exude Renaissance elegance. These well-preserved structures present a unique combination of art, history, and local tradition. Moreover, Matera is not just a museum piece; it is a dynamic, living city. Strolling through its narrow, winding streets, you'll witness the daily life that confers Matera its lively spirit, with old men playing cards in the piazzas, housewives hanging out the washing, children running through the lanes, and artisans hard at work.
Rich Culinary Tradition
Matera’s culture extends to its culinary tradition. Embracing the gastronomy of Matera means to discover a world of vibrant flavours, with a focus on locally grown produce and traditional recipes that have been passed down for generations. Here, you will savor hearty breads, flavourful cheeses, excellent wines, and a plethora of artisanal delights. A journey through Matera's culinary heritage isn't complete without tasting the town's signature bread, ‘Pane di Matera’, which holds a designation of protected geographical indication (PGI) from the European Union. Food is an essential facet of Materan culture, and the depth and breadth of local cuisine offer culinary enthusiasts the chance to embark on an edible adventure of authentic Southern Italian meals.
Extraordinary Natural Beauty
Lastly, the enchantment of Matera isn't limited to its cobblestone streets and historic sites. The region's natural beauty is arresting, with the Gravina River carving its way through the limestone landscape and the Parco della Murgia Materana, a regional park cradling a wealth of flora and fauna. For lovers of the outdoors, the surrounding countryside offers ample opportunity to explore by foot, bike or horseback. The stark cliffs, green pastures, rambling Vineyards, and olive groves all converge here to form a visually stunning backdrop to this culturally rich destination.
In a nutshell, Matera, Italy is a perfect blend of history, tradition, natural beauty, and gastronomy that will awaken your senses, tug at your curiosity and charm you with its captivating character. Its people, warm and jovial, are the soul of Matera, maintaining centuries-old traditions while welcoming visitors with open arms. This unique town, embedded in the heart of Basilicata, encapsulates the essence of Italy and promises an enriching travel experience that will linger long after you've returned home.
The Food of Matera, Italy
Travelling to Matera, Italy, isn't just about admiring the stunning landscapes and timeless architecture. It's about fully entrenched in its rich cultural heritage through its evocative, historic, and downright delicious culinary offerings. Known for its ancient cave dwellings – Sassi, Matera has an equally impressive culinary scene that perfectly embodies the essence of the Mediterranean diet with a unique stamp of regional uniqueness. Dotted with quaint trattorias, chic ristorantes, and farm-to-table eateries, this UNESCO world heritage city promises a gastronomic journey that would tantalize your taste buds and enrich your understanding of a vivid and vibrant culinary tradition that has grown and evolved with the city's storied past.
The Majesty of Materan Cuisine
The culinary culture of Matera is a brilliant testament to the region’s historical journey. The dishes you relish are deeply layered with narratives of pastoral life, culinary innovations born out of necessity, and the influences of various civilizations that once graced this land. The local gastronomy is rooted in the Cucina Povera (poor kitchen), featuring cuisine defined by simplicity, seasonality, and sustainability. The use of locally grown cereals, legumes, vegetables, cheeses, and cured meats with minimal wastage is a hallmark of the culinary scene here. The most iconic dish of Matera is Bread of Matera, made from local durum wheat with a distinct, crunchy crust and a fragrant, soft interior. The bread is intrinsically linked to the city's history, acting as a testament to the local agricultural practices and the mastery of local bakers.
Fresh Produce, Local Wines, and More
No gastronomic tour of Matera would be complete without sampling the rich variety of fresh produce. Matera is bountiful in fresh fruits, vegetables, and legumes that are the backbone of its vibrant cuisine. Exploring the local markets is a sublime experience for the senses. You’ll find everything from sun-ripened tomatoes, plump olives, aromatic herbs, to traditional cheeses like Pecorino and Caciocavallo. The region is also known for its distinctly flavored extra-virgin olive oil, infused with the aromas of the Mediterranean shrubbery. And when it comes to quenching your thirst, local wines ranging from crisp whites of Verdeca and Minutolo grapes to robust Primitivo and Negramaro reds offer a tantalizing experience of the regional viticulture.
Indulgent Sweet Treats
Last but not least, the city’s sweet treats make for the perfect end to the delightful dining escapade. Delectable pastries, biscuits and cakes reveal the sweet side of Matera's culinary art. Sample the numerous bakery delights, such as the typically Materan 'Cavallucci', biscuits made with honey, almonds and various spices or the 'Petrale', a cake made with figs, almonds and flavoured with lemon zest. For those with a sweet tooth, the gastronomic journey through Matera would indeed be an indulgent affair promising a taste of traditional recipes passed down generations.
Overall, Matera promises a spectacular and enticing culinary journey fit for epicureans and casual foodies alike. With its mix of vivid flavors, fresh ingredients, and rich history, Matera offers a culinary journey that extends far beyond the plate, deep into the heart of Italy’s history and culinary identity.
What to See and Do in Matera, Italy
The maze-like wonder of Matera, Italy, captivates every wandering soul that steps into its ancient alleys. This prehistoric city with beautifully restored cave dwellings is an architectural marvel—one that has drawn the attention of directors, travelers, and history enthusiasts worldwide. If you’re planning to visit Matera, here are 10 must-do activities to fully experience the charm and culture of this unique stone city:
1. Wander the Sassi Districts
The Sassi districts, 'Sasso Caveoso' and 'Sasso Barisano', are the oldest parts of the city, dating as far back as Paleolithic times. Walking through these areas is an extraordinary plunge into the past, with their labyrinth of historic cave dwellings, churches, monasteries, and palaces. Don’t miss the opportunity to explore these UNESCO World Heritage sites, where every corner tells a story of human resilience and inventiveness across millennia.
2. Visit the Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario
The Casa Grotta di Vico Solitario depicts the living conditions of the ancient inhabitants of Matera, Italy. This preserved cave dwelling has been turned into a small museum, showcasing the harsh realities of life in the Sassi in the early 20th century. Here, you’ll see how families and their animals once shared the same cramped space, adapting to the available resources.
3. Marvel at the Rupestrian Churches
Considered as the 'underground cathedrals' of Matera, the Rupestrian Churches are spectacular examples of the city’s architecture. Most of these rock-cut churches are decorated with Byzantine frescoes and carvings that reveal the deep religious faith of the ancient inhabitants. Among the must-visit churches include the Cave church of Saint Lucia alle Malve, Santa Maria de Idris, and San Pietro Caveoso.
4. Climb the Civita
For the best panoramic view of Matera, Italy, scale the Civita, a rocky outcrop between the two Sassi districts. Lined with elegant palaces and the iconic Piazza Duomo, this labyrinthine neighborhood offers stunning vista points, especially at sunset. Remember to take a moment and enjoy the magical view of the city bathed in a golden glow.
5. Explore Parco della Murgia Materana
Parco della Murgia Materana, located across the Gravina River, offers nature lovers an enchanting wilderness experience. Not only will you love the limestone cliffs and gorges against a backdrop of wild orchids, but you’ll also discover more than 150 rock churches scattered across the park, which tells of Matera's deeply rooted Christian faith.
6. Relish the Local Cuisine
A trip to Matera, Italy, is incomplete without savoring the local cuisine. The traditional dishes here are based on simple ingredients but are profoundly flavorful. Feast on signature dishes like Crapiata (a rich bean soup), Orecchiette pasta with tomato sauce, and the mouthwatering local bread. Pair your meal with Aglianico, the famous red wine of the region.
7. Visit Museo Nazionale d’Arte Medievale e Moderna della Basilicata
Famed for its comprehensive collection of 20th-century Italian art, the Museo Nazionale d’Arte Medievale e Moderna della Basilicata is a must-visit. You'll find remarkable artworks from the 17th to 20th centuries, including pieces by famous artists such as Carlo Levi, Domenico Cantatore, and Osvaldo Licini.
8. Attend the Matera Balloon Festival
If you’re visiting Matera in October, then participating in the Matera Balloon Festival is a bucket-list-worthy experience. This international hot air balloon competition offers a unique perspective of the city's topography from the sky. It’s a fantastic visual spectacle that shouldn't be missed.
9. Delve Into the Crypt of Original Sin
Matera is home to the iconic Crypt of Original Sin, often referred to as the 'Sistine Chapel of the rupestrian art.' Marvel at the 8th-century frescoes depicting biblical scenes, intricately painted by an anonymous medieval artist known as the 'Painter of Flowers of Matera.'
10. Visit the Musma Museum
Last but not least, visit the Musma Museum, a unique sculpture museum housed within the ancient Palazzo Pomarici. It exhibits a fantastic collection of over 200 sculptures representing the best of Italian and international sculpture from the 20th and 21st centuries. The unusual setting of the stone caves provides a striking backdrop for these artworks that celebrate the human form.
Whether you're a history buff, an adventure seeker, a foodie, or an art lover, Matera, Italy has plenty to offer. This city, carved out of stone, is a living testament to human ingenuity and resilience, beckoning you to experience and enjoy its profound beauty and rich heritage.
Why You Should Travel to Matera, Italy
Known for its outstanding landscape and centuries-old history, the southern Italian city of Matera is a great attraction for travelers. The city's unique allure comes from the "Sassi di Matera," a labyrinth of cave dwellings, churches, monasteries, and hermitages carved into the soft volcanic tufa rock. These caves have been inhabited since the Neolithic period, making Matera one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world. It's an undeniable allure that takes visitors back in time, offering a glimpse of how our ancestors lived thousands of years ago.
Architectural Gems and Unique Lifestyle
The city can be likened to a living museum, with its complex system of grottos, cobbled streets, archways, terraces, small squares, and stairs all preserved in the Sassi district. Matera's beautifully aged charm is further accentuated by a rich weave of rooftops, lanterns, chimneys, tiny churches, and sparkling white houses. This stunning blend of ancient and contemporary architectures has even earned Matera the title of European Capital of Culture in 2019. However, what makes it even more impressive is how the locals live harmoniously amid history. Restaurants, bars, and even hotels are carved into the rock, combining authenticity with comfort.
Unforgettable Gastronomy Experience
Any discussion about Matera will be incomplete without mentioning its gastronomy. The Basilicata region, where Matera is located, is renowned for its rich culinary tradition. Visitors can sample regional specialties like the savory bread of Matera, rich pastas, and a variety of cheeses and meats, accompanied by excellent local wines. An added bonus is the fantastic service and warm hospitality extended by the locals, making every meal a memorable experience.
A trip to Matera offers a wholesome experience that goes beyond conventional sight-seeing. Its lasting charm lies in the noble simplicity and austere beauty of the Sassi, the warm hospitality of its people, the flavor-packed local cuisine, and the overall atmosphere of unforgettable serenity. Matera effortlessly blends its rich historical aura with modern adaptability, making each visit a unique experience. Given this, visiting Matera isn't simply about ticking another location off your travel Bucket List; instead, it's a compelling exploration into human civilization's beginnings and understanding our historical roots. This is why you must travel to Matera—it's more than a journey; it's a timeless experience—embracing the past, the present, and the future in its fold.
Tips & Tricks for Traveling in Matera, Italy
Travelling to Matera, Italy can be a rewarding, unique, and unforgettable experience. This ancient town carries the history of thousands of years within its stones, caves, and narrow passages. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a European Capital of Culture in 2019, it offers plenty to see and do for the discerning traveller. Here are some handy tips and tricks to help you get the most out of your visit to this extraordinary destination.
1. Choosing the Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Matera largely depends on your preferences. The city has a fairly mild climate throughout most of the year. Summer can be hot and crowded with tourists, but the trade-off is an array of festivals and events. The winter is cooler and less crowded, providing you with a more relaxed pace to explore.
A particularly good time to visit is during the festive season around Christmas and New Year, when a large living nativity scene comes to life in the traditional dwellings known as ‘Sassi’.
2. Book in Advance
Given Matera’s growing popularity, especially after being named the European Capital of Culture, it’s recommended to book accommodations well in advance. This helps secure your place at the best lodging spots and guarantees you won’t miss out during peak tourism seasons. Most Sassi have been converted into comfortable hotels and B&Bs, offering a unique experience of history-infused luxury.
3. Dress Appropriately
When packing your suitcase, keep in mind the city’s hilly nature. Sturdy shoes will be beneficial for navigating the cobbled streets and potentially steep slopes. Additionally, since Matera is in southern Italy, summer can be quite hot, so light, breathable clothes are a good idea. Conversely, winters require heavier clothing to handle the chill, particularly in the evenings.
4. Explore the Sassi Districts
Your trip to Matera isn’t complete without delving deep into the Sassi districts – Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano. These labyrinthine neighbourhoods with their troglodyte dwellings, rock-cut churches, and winding alleys offer a fascinating journey back in time.
5. Visit the Rupestrian Churches
Matera is home to numerous ‘Rupestrian’ or rock-cut churches, featuring Byzantine and Medieval frescoes. Churches like Santa Lucia alle Malve or Madonna de Idris are of substantial historic interest. It’s worth noting that some of these churches charge a small entry fee, so have some cash ready.
6. Enjoy the Local Gastronomy
Matera boasts a rich culinary tradition that reflects its agricultural past. From freshly baked bread made from local durum wheat to ‘strascinati’ pasta tossed with pepper-based sauce, the gastronomic delights are endless. Don’t miss out on the local wines, especially the robust reds known as ‘Aglianico’.
7. Public Transport and Walking
Matera isn’t a large city, so much of it can be explored on foot. However, there are also local buses available for longer trips around the city and to nearby regions. Consider purchasing a one-day or multi-day bus ticket if you plan to use public transport often. A useful line is the line 1, connecting the Sassi districts with the Train station.
8. Experience Local Festivals
Matera hosts a plethora of festivals and cultural events throughout the year. From jazz concerts to religious padronal feasts, there is always something exciting happening. One notable event is the ‘Festa della Bruna’ held on July 2nd, when a grand procession in honor of the city’s patron saint takes place.
9. Guided Tours and Workshops
To truly immerse yourself in Matera’s history, participating in guided Tours is an excellent idea. Local tour operators offer comprehensive services which include Sassi tours, Rupestrian church visits, and even bread-making workshops.
10. Stay Respectful
Lastly, remember that although the Sassi are tourist attractions, they are also home to many locals. Keep your voice down and respect their privacy. The unique culture and history of Matera are treasures to be cherished and protected.
Utilize these tips to plan an enjoyable and enriching trip to the stunning city of Matera, an emblem of Italian primeval urban lifestyle with a mesmerizing cultural amalgamation like no other.
Other Places You Might Like
Matera, Italy holds a special place in many travelers' hearts. Between its fascinating ancient cave dwellings - the Sassi, its gorgeous stone architecture, and its rich history, there's a lot to love. For those equally captivated by such charms, here are a few other places that should also Strike a chord.
Cappadocia, Turkey
Cappadocia is a semi-arid region in central Turkey known for its incredible natural wonders and striking rock formations. Just like Matera, Cappadocia is also famous for its unique and ancient cave dwellings. This beautiful region not only offers breathtaking landscapes but also a rich history that dates back to the Hittite era, making it a must-visit for those who loved the ancient history and unique landscapes of Matera.
Cappadocia also holds the Göreme Open-Air Museum, which is not unlike the Sassi of Matera. This UNESCO World Heritage Site features more than 30 carved-from-rock churches and chapels, some of them adorned with stunning frescoes that take the visitors back in time.
Alberobello, Italy
For lovers of unique architecture, Alberobello in Italy is a great place to visit. This small town, located in Italy's Puglia region, is renowned for its trulli, whitewashed stone huts with conical roofs. This signature architecture is visually similar to the stone houses seen in Matera, creating the same timeless atmosphere.
The quaint alleyways, charming shops, and local restaurants of Alberobello offer a delightful and authentic experience of the Italian way of life, much like Matera does. The town itself is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, preserving this distinct building style for future generations to admire and experience.
Gjirokastër, Albania
Gjirokastër in Albania, known as the "city of stone", has a similar allure to Matera for those who appreciate historical architecture, dramatic landscapes, and timeless beauty. Gjirokastër features a well-preserved old town, filled with houses made of stone, giving the entire city a unique and charming vibe.
Like Matera, Gjirokastër is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering a wealth and diversity of cultural and historical treasures. The city is dominated by its castle, which houses a military museum featuring artifacts dating back to the Communist era and the Hoxha regime.
Guimarães, Portugal
Guimarães, in northern Portugal, is another destination that enthusiasts of Matera will appreciate. As Portugal's birthplace, the city holds rich history within its well-preserved medieval centre, where narrow cobbled streets crawl up to the imposing Guimarães Castle.
Guimarães shares Matera's captivating mix of history and charm. As you stroll through its ancient streets, you can practically feel the centuries pass away beneath your feet. It offers a similar experience to Matera, showcasing ancient architecture in a vibrant and lived-in environment.
Monsanto, Portugal
Daydreamers who found themselves lost in Matera's enchanting lanes are sure to love Monsanto, a tiny village that also appears carved from the stones it sits upon. Hidden in the mountains of Portugal, Monsanto takes pride in its title as "the most Portuguese village of Portugal" for its pristine preservation of bygone lifestyles.
Incredible houses embedded within, under, or sandwiched between giant boulders will immediately remind you of Matera. Beautiful hiking opportunities, amazing panoramas, and a living history told through the rustic stone structures create a similarly enchanting experience.
All these places share a common thread with Matera; they represent the intricate blend of nature, history, architecture and tradition, bringing you face to face with an experience that helps you travel back in time.
