Transylvania, Romania

Gothic-style Bran Castle

Renaissance-style Corvin Castle

Painted Monasteries of Bucovina

Historic Centre of Sighi?oara

Bâlea Lake

Pele? Castle

Piatra Craiului National Park

Scarisoara Ice Cave

The History of Transylvania, Romania

Transylvania, a region in Romania conjures up images of dark, menacing mountains, shadowy castles and blood-thirsty vampires. However, the reality of Transylvania is far from the fictitious settings often seen in popular culture. Rich in history, brimming with culture and abundant in natural beauty, Transylvania is a must-visit destination for the discerning traveller who seeks a unique and enriching experience. An exploration of Transylvania takes one on a journey that traces back over 2000 years, where each era has made invaluable and enduring contributions to the magic of this place.

The foundation of Transylvania

Transylvania's history commences with the Dacians, a Thracian tribe that made it their homeland in 2nd century BC. They built formidable fortresses in the Orastie Mountains and set up a powerful statehood. Dacia, as it was known then, was conquered by the Romans in 106 AD. The Romans not only established settlements and built a dense network of roads, but also intermingled with the natives creating a unique cultural blend that would later characterize Transylvania. The remnants of those days, such as the Roman ruins at Sarmizegetusa, the capital of Dacia, still mesmerize visitors today.

The influence of different cultures

Over the centuries, Transylvania accepted influences from various cultures and religions. The Hungarians dominated the region from the 11th to the 16th centuries, during which the spectacular citadels of Cluj and Alba lulia took shape. The Saxons arrived here in the 12th century and their indelible marks can be seen in the medieval towns, fortified churches, and the charming Saxon villages. Immortalizing their legacy are the seven UNESCO listed villages with fortified churches in Transylvania. The Ottoman Empire held the area in the 15th and 16th centuries, and they left behind their unique architectural and culinary imprints as well.

The legendary Dracula and gothic architecture

One cannot discuss the history of Transylvania without paying homage to the legendary Dracula. The chilling tale of Dracula was inspired by Bran Castle, a glorious edifice that stands gallantly in Transylvania. The castle, built in the 14th century, is a fascinating combination of towers, turrets, secret staircases and beautifully appointed rooms. But, the influence of Gothic styles is not limited to the Bran Castle alone. Gothic influences pervade the architectural landscape of Transylvania, with some of the finest examples seen in the Black Church of Brasov, the fortified churches, the Evangelical Cathedral of Sibiu, and the Biertan fortified church which was the see of the Lutheran Evangelical Bishop in Transylvania for 300 years.

Transylvania is steeped in history, a fusion of ancient civilizations and diverse cultures that have all left their distinctive traces here. Through archeological sites, architectural treasures, mouthwatering cuisine and unique traditions, curious visitors get a comprehensive and captivating insight into a history that has been unfolding for over 2000 years. Every corner of this vibrant region has a story to tell, an extraordinary tale that keeps the past alive in the present. So come, delve into the enchanting history of Transylvania and allow yourself to be swept away by the mesmerizing beauty, and the undying legacy of this incredible place.

The Culture of Transylvania, Romania

Immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage and distinctive charm of Transylvania, Romania's most famous region. With its endless hills, dense forests, medieval cities, and stunning castles, Transylvania offers a mystique and beauty rarely matched elsewhere. But beyond its breathtaking landscape, this region is a melting pot of different cultures, having been influenced by Romans, Saxons, Hungarians, and Ottomans over the centuries. Its unique blend of Eastern and Western cultures can be witnessed in everything from its cuisine to its architecture, music, and customs.

Fascinating Traditions and Customs

The inhabitants of Transylvania, known for their warm hospitality, preserve their inherited customs avidly. Folkloric traditions, such as traditional dances and music, are a vibrant aspect often exhibited during village fairs and festivals. Whether it is the dance of the men in white trousers and black hats or the sight of women twirling their embroidered dresses, these events are a vibrant kaleidoscope of colours, sounds and emotions. The region is also known for its traditional woodworking, pottery, and weaving. You'll be mesmerized by the meticulous artistry of the crafted wooden gates, pottery, and intricate woven textiles.

Exceptional Architecture

If architecture is to your taste, then the architectural variety in Transylvania will leave you amazed. Ranging from ancient Dacian settlements, Roman citadels to medieval fortresses and Gothic-style churches, Transylvania is a living museum of architectural epochs. Particularly noteworthy is the fortified church architecture, a blend of military and religious architecture unique to Transylvania resulting from the region's tumultuous history. Furthermore, the region is home to many UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the historic centres of Sighisoara, Brasov, and Sibiu. Enter one of these medieval towns and you'll be stepping back in time, walking along cobbled streets amidst centuries-old houses and time-worn churches.

Transylvania's Enthralling History

Transylvania's past is as thrilling as its landscapes. With each fortress, castle, and citadel carrying a story of its own, the region's history reads like a mesmerizing novel. From the infamous legend of Count Dracula in Bran Castle to the melancholic tale of ‘The Sad Queen’ in Corvin Castle, each story adds another layer to Transylvania's rich tapestry. However, Transylvania is not all about tales of eerie spectres and mythical vampires, it's also a region that played a significant role in shaping the history and development of Europe.

Visiting Transylvania means much more than just a trip to a beautiful region in Romania. It’s a journey to a land of legends, a dive into a fascinating conglomeration of cultures, and an opportunity to experience firsthand the centuries-old traditions that few places in the world can cherish and uphold to this day. From the vibrant village festivals to its awe-inspiring architecture and colourful history, Transylvania showcases the richness of Romanian heritage – an experience truly out of the ordinary and not to be missed.

The Food of Transylvania, Romania

Transylvania, Romania, is not only famous for its stunning landscapes and breathtaking medieval architecture, but also a gastronomical paradise for food lovers. The region's culinary scene reflects its rich, multicultural history having influences from the Saxons, Hungarians, Romans and Ottoman Turks. Each dish tells a story of the land it originates, from hearty stews to mouth-watering pastries, the food in Transylvania is as unique as its folk tales. When traveling, your adventure wouldn't be complete without immersing yourself in the local culinary scene. Your taste buds will be delighted by a unique blend of flavors that showcases the best of regional farm-to-table produce.

Hearty Meats and Savoury Stews

Transylvania does comfort food exceptionally well and meat is a mainstay in Transylvanian cuisine. Local specialties such as "sarmale" (cabbage leaves stuffed with spiced minced pork and rice, then slow-cooked in a clay pot), "mici" or "mititei" (grilled minced meat rolls) are enjoyed across Romania. Hearty and flavorsome stews like "tocan?" (a slow-cooked stew of pork, beef, or chicken, simmered with onions and loaded with paprika.) represents the best of homely Transylvanian cooking, perfect for warming you up during the cold months.

Delicious Dairy & Breads

The region is known for its pristine pastures, which in turn produce phenomenal dairy products. Transylvanian cheeses are a celebration of the region's shepherd culture, with varieties like "Burduf," a tangy sheep's cheese preserved in pine bark, and "N?sal," a soft, Camembert-like cheese unique for being ripened in the natural salt caves near Cluj. Bread is also a significant part of the dining tradition, served with each savory meal. It ranges from simple white loaves to "lipie," a flatbread traditionally baked on the hearth's embers, giving it a slightly smoky flavor.

Decadent Desserts

Transylvania’s dessert menu showcases an array of scrumptious pastries and cakes with an undeniable appeal to the sweet tooth. Their unique baking styles trace back to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with favorites like "Kurtoskalacs" or chimney cake; roll of sweet dough wrapped around a pole, coated in sugar, and then baked until crispy and caramelized on the outside. Also to be savored is the "papanasi" – a type of doughnut made from a mix of sweet cottage cheese, semolina and eggs, deep-fried, and served with sour cream and jam.

Traveling to Transylvania is more than its scenic beauty or the Dracula legend; it's an unforgettable culinary journey. With each bite, you acquaint yourself with its rich history and cultural diversity, all of which have left an indelible mark on its cuisine. So experience the mouthwatering delicacies in Transylvania, and truly appreciate the culinary magic this Romanian region has to offer. You might come for the castles, but you'll stay for the food!

What to See and Do in Transylvania, Romania

Transylvania, in Romania, is an enchanting region filled with a unique blend of history, mythology, and unrivaled natural scenery. Known to most as the domain of Dracula, Transylvania has far more to offer than just vampire tales. It's a must-visit region endowed with breathtaking mountains, stunningly well-preserved medieval towns, dramatic castles, and a fusion of cultures. Here are ten essential things you need to do to make the most of your visit to Transylvania.

1. Discover the Medieval Architecture of Sibiu, Romania

Sibiu, Romania, showcases a fascinating fusion of German, Hungarian, and Romanian cultures. As a former European Capital of Culture, it boasts a rich old town with numerous medieval buildings. The Council Tower, which offers a panoramic view of the city's red roofs, the stunning Piata Mare square, and the charming Bridge of Lies are must-visits. Visit the Brukenthal National Museum to explore Transylvanian art and history, or spend a day in the Astra Museum of Traditional Folk Civilization, one of the largest open-air museums in Europe.

2. Visit the Iconic Bran Castle in Bran, Romania

No trip to Transylvania would be complete without a visit to Bran Castle. Touted as ‘Dracula's Castle’, unlike the fiction, it's a genuinely intriguing castle rich with history. Count Vlad Tepes, the inspiration for Bram Stoker’s Dracula, was imprisoned here for two months. The castle is now a museum dedicated to Queen Marie of Romania, presenting her furniture and art collection. Consider visiting in late October to experience a Halloween party set in the illustrious castle's courtyard.

3. Engage with Wildlife at the Libearty Bear Sanctuary in Z?rne?ti, Romania

Home to over 100 rescued bears, the Libearty Bear Sanctuary in Z?rne?ti, Romania offers a unique encounter with brown bears in their natural habitat. Founded in 2005, the sanctuary rescues bears exploited in circuses or as pets, providing a safe haven for them to live out their days. A tour provides an inspiring opportunity to watch the bears roam freely while learning about wildlife conservation efforts in Romania.

4. Explore Cluj-Napoca, Romania's Vibrant Cultural Capital

Cluj-Napoca, Romania is a mix of vibrant contemporary culture and rich history. Check out the gothic architecture of St. Michael’s Church, wander around the old town to admire Baroque buildings, or visit the intriguing Pharmacy History Collection. Enjoy Cluj’s bustling nightlife, with its various music festivals, art galleries, and a flourishing food and drinks scene. Don’t miss the stunning views over the city from the hilltop Citadel.

5. Hike the Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains offer some of the best hiking opportunities in Europe. With its diverse wildlife, pristine forests, and awe-inspiring vistas, a hike here is a rejuvenating experience. Numerous trails cater to varying skills, from the challenging Moldoveanu Peak, Romania's highest, to family-friendly routes in the Piatra Craiului National Park.

6. Experience the Unique Cultural Landscape of Sighi?oara, Romania

Step back in time in the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Sighi?oara, Romania. Known for its well-preserved medieval citadel, Sighi?oara is also famed as the birthplace of Vlad Dracula. Explore the historic churches, walk the colorful streets lined with charming antique houses, climb the Clock Tower for a breathtaking view, or participate in the annual Medieval Festival to experience the cultural heritage of Romania.

7. Enjoy Local Cuisine

Romanian cuisine is a blend of numerous influences, and trying it is a must. Enjoy 'sarmale' - cabbage leaves stuffed with meat, 'mamaliga' - a type of polenta, and 'mititei' - grilled minced meat rolls. For dessert, don't miss out on 'papanasi', fried or boiled doughnuts served with sour cream and jam.

8. Uncover the Mystery of the Hoia Baciu Forest near Cluj-Napoca, Romania

The Hoia Baciu Forest is often billed as the most haunted forest in the world. Known for numerous UFO sightings and inexplicable events, it draws both skeptics and paranormal enthusiasts. Dare to embark on a night-time guided tour, learn about the folklore surrounding the forest, and explore the area’s unique flora and fauna.

9. Visit the Fortified Churches of Transylvania

The Fortified Churches of Transylvania are a testament to the region’s turbulent past. While many of the 300 fortified churches have fallen into ruin, some, like the Biertan Fortified Church, are remarkably well-preserved and enlisted as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Exploring these architectural masterpieces allows insight into the unique history of the region.

10. Discover the UNESCO-Listed Villages with Fortified Churches in Viscri, Romania

Viscri, Romania is a quaint village, best known for its fortified church, one of Transylvania’s captivating UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The village offers a glimpse of rural Romanian life, with traditional Saxon houses, roaming geese, and horse-drawn carts. Experience the traditional crafts, from blacksmithing to baking. Moreover, a visit to the Prince of Wales’s guesthouse can add to the charm.

Transylvania is a region that promises an unforgettable journey. Its unmatched cultural wealth, natural beauty, and myth-enshrouded history make it a dream for any adventurer. Whether entranced by its traditional folklore, historical treasures, or natural landscapes, every journey here is filled with discovery.

Why You Should Travel to Transylvania, Romania

Transylvania is a region in Romania known for its beauty and mystery, loved by travelers around the globe. It's mystical landscapes offer a blend of wild and untouched nature with beautifully preserved medieval towns. Transylvania is filled with wildlife, including brown bears, wolves, lynx in its dense woods, which offer an adventurous experience for wildlife enthusiasts. The Carpathian mountains providing a breathtaking backdrop to the lush and hilly landscapes have several hiking trails, becoming a paradise for outdoor adventurers. Moreover, Transylvania houses numerous aesthetically appealing traditional villages, where horse-drawn carts are a common sight, and age-old traditions are still alive.

Historical and Cultural Attractions

The rich history of Transylvania is another major attraction for travelers. The region is famed for its fortified churches and castles, including the iconic Bran Castle, popularly linked with the legend of Count Dracula, offering a sense of mystery that adds to the thrill of exploration. Apart from Bran, Transylvania homes more than hundred fortified churches and seven of them are included in the UNESCO World Heritage list representing a unique illustration of the different architectural styles from Romanesque to Gothic. The medieval cities like Sibiu, Brasov, Cluj-Napoca exhibit a stunning blend of old-world charm and modernity. They feature baroque buildings and ancient watchtowers that show influences of Saxon and Ottoman periods. These cities are rich, not just in history, but also in cultural activities, hosting various festivals such as the Sibiu International Theatre Festival and the Transylvania Film Festival that attract art lovers from around the world.

Why You Must Travel to Transylvania

Transylvania is a destination where diverse experiences harmoniously unite. It's a place that everyone should visit at least once in their lifetime. If you are a history buff, the centuries-old castles, churches and medieval cities offer you an immersive experience into the past. If you are a nature enthusiast, the trails through pristine forests filled with a rich array of wildlife and the breathtaking vistas of Carpathian mountains fill you with a sense of wonder and awe. For art and culture aficionados, the region’s dynamic cultural scene and traditional folk art present enriching experiences. Beyond its landscapes and historical sights, it's the warm and welcoming locals who enrich your travel, leaving an everlasting impression on your soul. To explore Transylvania is to explore not just the beauty but also the mystery and hidden truths that history and nature hide within their bosom.

Tips & Tricks for Traveling in Transylvania, Romania

Traveling to Transylvania, the region located in the heart of Romania, can be an enchanting and enriching experience. Known for its Dracula connection, stunning landscapes, medieval towns and castles, Transylvania offers an exciting journey into a land of mysteries and legends. To ensure an unforgettable and top-notch travel experience, here are some useful tips or tricks to optimize your adventure.

1. The Best Time to Visit

Transylvania is undoubtedly a region that can be visited any time of the year. However, each season offers a distinctive charm. Spring and summer present a lush environment with vibrant wildflowers, and it's preferable for outdoor activities like hiking. Autumn is enticing for its vibrant foliage, while winter displays a magical snowy landscape ideal for winter sports. Plan and decide beforehand which season suits your travel preferences and activities.

2. Research about The Local Traditions and Festivities

Transylvania is a region steeped in rich history and strong traditions. Researching about local customs, events, and festivities can enrich your travel experience. Witness local 'folk dances', 'music festivals', Easter or Christmas celebrations, and get a deeper understanding of their unique culture and tradition.

3. Learn Basic Romanian Phrases

While English is generally understood in tourist centers, the local language, Romanian, is predominantly spoken in remote areas and small villages. Learning basic phrases can be greatly useful, like "Hello" (Bun?), "Thank you" (Mul?umesc), and "Do you speak English?" (Vorbiti engleza?). It's not only practical, but also appreciated by the locals.

4. Understand The Currency and Payment Methods

The official currency in Romania is the Leu (RON). It's advisable to carry some cash, especially when traveling to rural areas where card machines are rare. However, credit and debit cards are accepted in most of the modern establishments. Always be aware of the current exchange rates and try to exchange your money in official exchange offices to avoid scams.

5. Plan Your Itinerary Wisely

Transylvania has a variety of attractions ranging from medieval castles like Bran Castle, historic cities such as Brasov, picturesque landscapes in the Carpathian Mountains, and much more. Having a clear itinerary will help you explore more places, save time, and optimize your travel experience.

6. Try Local Cuisine

Transylvanian cuisine is a blend of different cultures offering a unique taste. Try local delicacies such as Sarmale, Mici, Polenta, or the famous Transylvanian soup (Ciorba de Burta). Local homemade plum brandy (?uic?) is also a must-try. Always remember, your travel adventure is incomplete without tasting the local flavors.

7. Know the Taxi System

While exploring urban areas, taxi services can be a convenient mode of transportation. However, be cautious as some taxis may overcharge, especially if they know you're a tourist. Using ride-hailing apps like Uber or Bolt are practical alternatives. Always negotiate the fare before starting the journey to avoid misunderstanding.

8. Respect The Nature

Transylvania is known for its pristine and untouched nature. Whether exploring the Danube Delta, hiking in the Carpathian Mountains, or simply visiting a local park, ensure to respect the environment. Avoid littering, stay on marked trails, and respect wildlife during your adventure.

9. Explore its History and Art

Beyond the famous Dracula legend, Transylvania is a region rich in history and art. Visit local museums like The National Museum of Transylvanian History or Brukenthal National Museum to delve into its history. Art enthusiasts can check out contemporary art galleries around Cluj Napoca, known as the unofficial capital of arts in Romania.

10. Safety First

Although Romania is generally considered safe, it's always advisable to take standard precautions like avoiding isolated areas at night, staying vigilant for pickpockets in crowded places, and keeping your belongings secure.

In conclusion, Transylvania offers unique and captivating experiences. These tips will assist you in planning a well-organized and unforgettable escapade.

Other Places You Might Like

Transylvania is known for its picturesque landscapes, fascinating history, and uncanny charm. If the land of Dracula has captivated your heart, then these places laden with history, gothic architecture, and mesmerizing nature will also enthral you.

Edinburgh, Scotland

Vampires may not be the first thing coming to your mind when you think about Edinburgh, Scotland, but you could find similarities between the home of Dracula and the birthplace of Sherlock Holmes. Edinburgh boasts ancient castles, eerie graveyards, and medieval architecture that recall the gothic ambience of Transylvania. Exploring the cobblestoned Royal Mile, spotting ghosts in the Edinburgh Vaults, or witnessing the majestic Edinburgh Castle will surely satiate your appetite for history and mystery.

Bruges, Belgium

If you fancy the quaint small-town charm of Transylvanian villages, Bruges in Belgium will be an absolute delight. The historic city center of Bruges, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with its beautiful canals, old bridges, and well-preserved medieval buildings, provides an atmosphere reminiscent of Transylvanian towns. Walking around the Market Square, observing the remarkable cityscape from the Belfry, or taking a boat tour through the canals, you'll experience an echo of the scenic tranquillity of Transylvania.

Krakow, Poland

Krakow, the ancient capital of Poland, is a city that every history enthusiast will love. With its well-preserved medieval core, impressive castles, and rich history, it bears a striking resemblance to the historical sites and cities in Transylvania. The imposing Wawel Castle, the historic Jewish quarter of Kazimierz, and the stunning Market Square, one of the largest medieval town squares in Europe, all contribute to giving Krakow its distinct character.

Des Sables Island, Malta

If you've embraced the eerie beauty of Transylvania, you'll appreciate the mysterious charm of Des Sables Island in Malta. At the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, this uninhabited island was used as a burial ground during the time of cholera outbreaks and plague, earning it the nickname 'Island of the Dead.' Surrounded by azure waters, the island offers a unique blend of unspoiled natural beauty and haunting history.

Black Forest, Germany

The mysterious Black Forest in Germany is sure to captivate those in love with Transylvania. Its dense woodlands, deep valleys, and high mountains are akin to the scenic beauty of Transylvania. The forest is littered with charming villages, historic mills, and centuries-old monasteries, making the experience all the more enriching. The region is famous for cuckoo clocks, cherry pies, and unsurpassed scenic beauty.

Helsinki, Finland

Northern Europe's hidden gem, Helsinki, is a charming cosmopolitan city that resonates with the sophisticated urban appeal of Transylvanian cities like Brasov or Cluj. Its Art Nouveau buildings, bustling markets, and exciting nightlife scenes will captivate city-lovers. The Suomenlinna fortress, sprawled over six islands, or the Temppeliaukion Church, carved into solid rock, will add a sprinkle of history and an aura of mystery to your visit.

These places share the historical magnetism, eerie charm, stunning landscapes, and captivating city life that make Transylvania unique, promising an experience that will let you relive the magic of Transylvania.